This post outlines stable asthma management in two groups: children aged 6–11 years and those ≤5 years. Management of acute exacerbations will be covered in a separate post to ensure clarity and focus. Children aged 6 – 11 years Approach to asthma in this age group is very similar to that of adolescent and adults, with the main…
Community-acquired pneumonia refers to acute infection of the lung parenchyma with symptoms such as cough, fever, dyspnea and pleuritic chest pain. Evaluation includes clinical assessment and severity stratification, identification of risk factors and complications, and timely initiation of appropriate antibiotics, with decisions on outpatient care versus hospital referral guided by clinical status.
Acute exacerbation of asthma can cause severe breathlessness, wheeze, cough, and chest tightness, with measurable reductions in airflow. Rapid assessment and treatment with inhaled bronchodilators, systemic corticosteroids, and oxygen when indicated are vital to prevent deterioration. (Based on Malaysia CPG and GINA guideline)
Asthma is a chronic inflammatory airway disease characterized by variable respiratory symptoms including wheeze, breathlessness, chest tightness and cough, often with a fluctuating pattern. Diagnosis is supported by evidence of variable airflow limitation, while management focuses on inhaled therapy (especially inhaled corticosteroids), trigger avoidance, patient education and regular follow-up to optimize control and reduce exacerbation risk.