Pathophysiology CSD = Cortical spreading depression CGRP = Calcitonin gene-related peptide Migraine triggers Classification A. Episodic B. Chronic C. With our without aura Diagnostic criteria Migraine without aura Migraine with aura Image from Neudrawlogy It is important to note that different presentation of aura symptoms may mimic stroke. 4 Phases of Migraine Migraine attacks often…
Definition: Tremor is defined as an involuntary, oscillatory & rhythmic movements of a body. It is quite commonly seen in primary care settings either as a main complaint or as an incidental finding. This post is mainly on discussing regarding the approach to tremors, though not too in-depth but hopefully relevant and practical in our…
General features The female : male ratio is 5:4 where women are only slightly more affected than men. Average age of onset: 25 – 30 years, peaks between 30 – 39 years, & decreases slightly with age. Common triggers: Proposed pathophysiology Diagnosis Tension type headache (TTH) can be diagnosed using The International Classification of Headache…
Definition Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is the transitional phase between normal ageing and early dementia. May include problems with memory, language or judgement. Unlike dementia, MCI does not significantly impact daily functioning & the individual are usually aware of their cognitive impairment. Differentiating typical ageing, MCI and dementia Global Deterioration Scale (GDS) The Global Deterioration…
Dementia is a chronic, progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by a decline in cognitive function (i.e. ability to process thought) deteriorates progressively. It affects memory, thinking, orientation, calculation, learning capacity, language, judgement, emotional control, social behavior, or motivation. The term Dementia is now called Major Neurocognitive Disorder (MND) as per DSM-5 Either the DSM-5 or ICD-10…