Vertigo is characterized by a spinning sensation, often accompanied by nausea & vomiting, and may originate from peripheral or central causes. A structured clinical assessment—focusing on history, examination and additional tests—helps differentiate conditions such as BPPV, vestibular neuritis or central pathology, thus guiding management and the need for referral.
Acute rhinosinusitis commonly follows a viral upper respiratory infection and presents with nasal congestion, facial pain or pressure, purulent nasal discharge and reduced sense of smell. Management is mainly supportive, with intranasal therapies and selective antibiotic use reserved for suspected bacterial cases or persistent symptoms.
Allergic rhinitis involves IgE-mediated inflammation of the nasal mucosa, leading to symptoms such as sneezing, rhinorrhea, nasal congestion and itching, often triggered by allergens. Effective control relies on allergen avoidance, regular intranasal corticosteroids, antihistamines and patient education to improve symptom burden and quality of life.