“Dizziness” is a common presentation to the primary care settings, and it can be generally categorized into 4 categories: In this post, we will primarily discuss vertigo, focusing on the primary care approach, without delving into the comprehensive management of the various causes of vertigo. Causes Peripheral causes Central causes Others History taking framework Step…
Definition Rhinosinusitis is defined as an inflammation of the nose & the paranasal sinus (PNS). Predisposing/risk factors Classification Durationā a) Acute rhinosinusitis(ARS): b) Chronic rhinosinusitis(CRS): When symptoms last > 12 weeks. Severity Severity of RS can be divided into the following based on total severity visual analogue scale (VAS) score Clinical presentation Assessment Anterior rhinoscopy…
The most common form of non-infectious rhinitis. Caused by an IgE-mediated immune response to allergens. Often accompanied by ocular symptoms (e.g. itchy or watery eyes). Pathophysiology Primarily driven by IgE-mediated immune responses. The allergic response is biphasic, with an early phase of nasal pruritus, itching, rhinorrhea, & a late phase with predominant nasal congestion. Non-IgE-mediated…