Hyperthyroidism results from excessive thyroid hormone production, leading to symptoms such as weight loss, heat intolerance, palpitations and tremor. Evaluation includes thyroid function testing and identification of the underlying cause, with management options ranging from antithyroid medication to definitive therapy where indicated.
Hypothyroidism reflects deficient thyroid hormone levels, commonly presenting with fatigue, weight gain, cold intolerance and menstrual irregularities. Diagnosis is confirmed biochemically, and treatment with levothyroxine replacement aims to restore euthyroidism and relieve symptoms.
Obesity is a complex, chronic disease characterised by excess body fat that increases the risk of type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease and other metabolic complications. Comprehensive assessment includes body mass index, waist circumference and evaluation of comorbidities, with management focusing on sustained lifestyle modification, behavioural support, pharmacotherapy and consideration of bariatric surgery where indicated.