Preeclampsia is a hypertensive disorder of pregnancy characterised by new-onset hypertension after 20 weeks’ gestation with proteinuria and/or end-organ involvement. Early recognition, risk stratification and timely blood pressure control—alongside seizure prophylaxis and planned delivery when indicated—are critical to reducing maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality.
Acute exacerbation of asthma can cause severe breathlessness, wheeze, cough, and chest tightness, with measurable reductions in airflow. Rapid assessment and treatment with inhaled bronchodilators, systemic corticosteroids, and oxygen when indicated are vital to prevent deterioration. (Based on Malaysia CPG and GINA guideline)
Rapid-onset and potentially fatal, anaphylaxis can impair breathing, compromise the airway, and cause circulatory collapse, often with skin or gastrointestinal symptoms. Immediate intramuscular adrenaline is essential, supported by airway management, oxygen, fluids, and careful post-event monitoring.