Pathogenesis Involves 4 key pathogenic factors Clinical presentation Non-inflammatory lesion (NIL): open (blackheads) & closed (whiteheads) comedones Inflammatory lesion (IL): papules, pustules, nodules & cysts Comedone Inflammatory lesions Severity assessment Using the Comprehensive Acne Severity Scale (CASS) Treatment (topical) – Mainstay Commonly used: Topical agents are the mainstay of treatment in mild-moderate acne vulgaris.The commonly…
Cellulitis Causative agents The most common causative agent is Group A beta hemolytic streptococci (though groups B, C, F or G can also cause cellulitis)Staph. aureus is less common, & is usually associated with an open wound, previous penetrating trauma and sites of illicit drug injection.Other circumstances (Cellulitis – stat pearl): Risk factors Breakdown in…
Atopic dermatitis (Atopic Eczema [AE]) is a complex, chronic & recurrent inflammatory itchy skin disorder. Starts to develop in early childhood & may persist into adulthood. Can present with various clinical manifestations according to different age groups. Typically an episodic disease of flares & remission. Caused by complex interactions of genetic predispositions (filaggrin gene), environmental…
Nail anatomy Having a basic knowledge of the nail anatomy can help in understanding the various subtypes of fungal nail infections. Thus, a general overview of basic nail anatomy will be discussed first. Image from: https://www.yourpodiatryroom.com.au/our-blog–expert-podiatrists–hills-district-podiatry/the-infamous-ingrown-toenail Nail plate: the hard, visible part of the nail, composed of keratinized cells Nail matrix: located beneath the proximal…
General features Causative agent (mite) : Sarcoptes scabiei var. hominis Transmission: Skin-to-skin contact, including sexual activity. May also sometimes be transmitted via fomites, e.g. beddings (less common) Incubation period:– Without previous exposure: 2 – 6 weeks– With previous infestation: develop symptoms within 1 – 5 days of re-exposure Life cycle of Sarcoptes scabiei The male…